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Recent News and Articles on the Keywords: 0.29 + may + 4,150  Related to the article below (Last Update: 8/5/2008)

Sterling Bancshares Reports Second Quarter 2008 Earnings
MSN Money - Jul 22, 2008
Net charge-offs for the six month period ended June 30, 2008 were $5.1 million or 0.29% of average total loans, up from $1.4 million or 0.09% for the same ...SBIB
Source: Google News

Toughness of tempered upper and lower bainitic microstructures in a 4150 steel -
DR Johnson, WT Becker - Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance(USA), 1993 - Springer
... is typically considered to be poor, whereas lower bainite may have better ... of 6.25
ram, were prepared from a 4150 steel. ... 0.29 -+ 0.07 2.2 + 0.45 Tempered at 500 ...

The triple symbiotic system CH Cygni -
KH Hinkle, FC Fekel, DS Johnson, WWG Scharlach - Astronomical Journal, 1993 - adsabs.harvard.edu
... 4507607 4150.5000 53 0.14 138 -60.47?0.29 24 -~ 4981 ... 133 -63.61?014 21 -- 1983Feb26
5392.184 4150-4600 66 007 138 -6121?0.13 22 -- -- 1983 May 20 5475.199 ...

Shape and Size of Virgin Ultrahigh Molecular Weight GUR 4150 HP Polyethylene Powder
PP Preparation - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research (Applied …, 1996 - doi.wiley.com
... I GUR 4150 HP I ... that some of the micron-sized particles that were counted may not
have been GUR 4 150 HP virgin powder but may have been ... 53 f 0.29 .125-3.018 ...
-

Review: oestrogen therapy after menopause may improve cognitive performance and may reduce the risk …
LJ Whalley - British Medical Journal, 1998 - ebmh.bmj.com
... prospective cohort studies was 0.48 (CI 0.29 to 0.81 ... in women with postmenopausal
symptoms and may reduce the ... UCSF/VA Medical Center (111G), 4150 Clement Street ...

[CITATION] The occurrence of Branta bermela hrota in Brent Goose flocks in the German Wattenmeer
P PROKOSCH - Skrifter, 1948 - I kommisjon hos J. Dybwad

The visible spectrum of the lower corona during the total eclipse of May 30, 1965 -
F Magnant-Crifo - Solar Physics, 1973 - Springer
... five regions are: 8700 -4700 A; 4700-4150 A; 4150-3950 ; 3950 ... The quantity C =log
./Bo -log F may be evaluated for ... 0.29 0.37 3.98 I. 6 1.18 0,46 0.71 0.28 2.56 ...

The Metabolically Healthy but Obese Individual Presents a Favorable Inflammation Profile -
AD Karelis, M Faraj, JP Bastard, DH St-Pierre, M … - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2005 - Endocrine Soc
... 90, No. 7 4145-4150 Copyright ? 2005 by The Endocrine Society ... that inflammation markers
were associated with and may play a ... 1.38 ? 0.29 g/liter, respectively ...

Vortex dynamics in a three-state model under cyclic dominance -
G Szab?, MA Santos, JFF Mendes - Physical Review E, 1999 - APS
... (Some reference links may require a ... Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687,
4150 Porto, Portugal ... the critical indices of the vortex density 0.29(4) and ...

Application of expert systems to study of acid soils in Rwanda -
CF Yamoah, JR Burleigh, MR Malcolm - Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 1990 - Elsevier
... 40.00" 40.37" 33.00b SE 2.27 1.00 1.19 R 2459 1959 4150 pH (water ... to available P
(r= 0.63"*), K (r= 0.35"*) and N (r= 0.29"*), which may suggest higher ...

[CITATION] Low serum transferrin levels in HFE mutant subjects may offer a link to low CD8 lymphocyte numbers
MF Macedo, E Cruz, R Lacerda, G Porto?
-

Source: Google Scholar

Rational Decision-Making May Be Dependent Upon Neurons In The Frontal Lobe
You study the menu at a restaurant and decide to order the steak rather than the salmon. But when the waiter tells you about the lobster special, you decide lobster trumps steak. Without reconsidering the salmon, you place your order - all because of a trait called "transitivity."

"Transitivity is the hallmark of rational economic choice," says Camillo Padoa-Schioppa, a postdoctoral researcher in HMS Professor of Neurobiology John Assad's lab. According to transitivity, if you prefer A to B and B to C, then you ought to prefer A to C. Or, if you prefer lobster to steak, and steak to salmon, then you will prefer lobster to salmon.

Padoa-Schioppa is lead author on a paper that suggests this trait might be encoded at the level of individual neurons. The study, which appeared online Dec. 9 in Nature Neuroscience, shows that some neurons in a part of the brain called the orbitofrontal cortex encode economic value in a "menu invariant" way. That is, the neurons respond the same to steak regardless if it's offered against salmon or lobster.

"People make choices by assigning values to different options. If the values are menu invariant preferences will be transitive. The activity of these neurons does not vary with the menu options, suggesting that these neurons could be responsible for transitivity," Padoa-Schioppa explains.
"This study provides a key insight into the biology of our frontal lobes and the neural circuits that underlie decision-making," Assad adds. "Despite the maxim, we in fact can compare apples to oranges, and we do it all the time. Camillo's research sheds light on how we make these types of choices."

Frontal lobe damage has been linked to "choice deficits" such as eating disorders, compulsive gambling and abnormal social behavior. For example, in the first documented case of brain injury impacting behavior, the infamous railroad construction foreman Phineas Gage became unsociable after a tamping iron passed through his skull in 1848, damaging his frontal lobes. This area of the brain has also been implicated in drug abuse.

Labs are just beginning to probe normal decision-making at the level of individual neurons, venturing into a new field called neuroeconomics. Such research might eventually help to explain choice deficits associated with frontal lobe functions.

The new study builds on an April 2006 Nature paper in which Padoa-Schioppa and Assad identified neurons that encode the value macaque monkeys assign to juice they choose independent of its type, providing a common currency of comparison for the brain.

In that study, the scientists found that although monkeys generally prefer grape juice to apple juice, sometimes they choose the latter, if it is offered in large amounts. When presented with 3 units of apple juice and 1 unit of grape juice, for example, a monkey might take the grape juice only 50 percent of the time. This indicates that the value of the grape juice is 3 times that of the apple juice. A particular group of neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex fire at roughly the same rate, regardless of the monkey's decision because the animal values both choices equally. These neurons also fire at the same rate if the monkey chooses 6 units of apple juice or 2 units of grape juice. Thus, these neurons encode the value the monkey receives in each trial.

Now, by adding a third juice to the mix, the team has tested whether these neurons reflect transitivity. The three juices were offered to a monkey in pairs dozens of times over the course of a session, the quantity of each juice varying from trial to trial.

In general, monkeys preferred 1 unit of juice A to 1 unit of juice B, 1B to 1C, and 1A to 1C. During each session, Padoa-Schioppa recorded the activity of a handful of neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex, and he discovered their firing rate did not depend on whether B was offered against A or against C, indicating that these neurons respond in a menu invariant way.

"The stability of these neurons could help to explain why we make decisions that are consistent over the short term," Padoa-Schioppa says. "In our study, the neural circuit was not influenced by the short-term behavioral context."

Padoa-Schioppa is now examining the possibility that value-encoding neurons may adapt to different value scales over longer periods of time.

This research is supported by a post-doctoral fellowship from the Harvard Mind/Brain/Behavior Initiative, by a Pathway to Independence Award from the National Institute of Mental Health and by a grant from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.

Source: Alyssa Kneller
Harvard Medical School
 
 
 
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