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Recent News and Articles on the Keywords: superbug + disrupt + 0.29  Related to the article below (Last Update: 8/5/2008)

Malta and international press digest
Times of Malta, Malta - Jul 22, 2008
The Daily Mail leads on the three-day walkout by passport staff that threatens to disrupt the plans of British holidaymakers. The Daily Star has a picture ...
Source: Google News

Understanding the rise of the superbug: investigation of the evolution and genomic variation of … -
JA Lindsay, MTG Holden - Functional & Integrative Genomics, 2006 - Springer
... Understanding the rise of the superbug: investigation ... Using comparative analysis,
it is possible to identify mutations that will disrupt the translation of a ...

Therapeutic potential of cationic steroid antibacterials -
AEN Ni?men - Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2007 - Expert Opinion
... as the end of the antibiotic age and the term ?superbug? has entered ... can attack the
binding sites of divalent cations, are able to disrupt the organization ...
-

Therapeutic potential of cationic steroid antibacterials -
C Salmi, JM Brunel - Expert Opinion in Investigational Drugs, 2007 - Expert Opinion
... as the end of the antibiotic age and the term ?superbug? has entered ... can attack the
binding sites of divalent cations, are able to disrupt the organization ...

The Summer of the Gypsy Moth -
E MARSHALL - Science, 1981 - sciencemag.org
Page 1. that continuation ofthe case causes Bell officials. A heightened
desire to end the case is no doubt encouraged by the soft ...

Reviving the Antibiotic Miracle?
B while Spratt - Science, 1994 - sciencemag.org
... Consider the beta-lactams, a family of antibiotics that includes the penicillins
and cephalosporins, which work by disrupt- ing the construction of the ...

INNATE IMMUNITY: Ancient System Gets New Respect -
T Gura - Science, 2001 - sciencemag.org
... killers: They punch holes in an invader's membranes or disrupt its internal ... Pseudomonas
aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, a gram-positive superbug that now ...

Hand hygiene: An evidence-based review for surgeons -
CR Nicolay - International Journal of Surgery, 2006 - Elsevier
... With hospital hygiene and ?the superbug? MRSA often in the media, there is ... antibacterial
due to its ability to attach to and disrupt cytoplasmic membranes ...

[PDF] Clostridium difficile
L Wheeldon - sfam.org.uk
... are those which have undergone treatment that may impair or disrupt the microflora ...
With the organism now being hailed as ?the new superbug? will awareness ...

[PDF] ?We?re All Gonna Die.??
G Easterbrook - Wired, 2003 - hi.is
... Any superbug introduced into today's Western world would encounter top-notch public ...
into the solar system, its gravitational influence would disrupt the orbits ...
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Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus infected total knee arthroplasty -
MD Ries - The Journal of Arthroplasty, 2001 - Elsevier
... and who has multiple surgical procedures that disrupt natural barriers to ... HM,
Strausbaugh LJ: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci: the ?superbug? scourge that ...

Source: Google Scholar

Disrupt An Enzyme, Destroy Drug-Resistant Superbugs

New method prevents the transfer of antibiotic resistance (killing the stronger bacteria in the process)
By Nikhil Swaminathan
In the continuing battle to counter growing antibiotic resistance, a new finding may help keep our current arsenal of antibacterial agents from having to be scrapped and replaced by an as yet unrealized new infection-fighting therapy.

By targeting an enzyme that bacteria use to swap genetic material, researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, have stopped the microbes' ability to spread, among other advantageous mutations, resistance to antibiotics.

"It turns out bacteria are very social," says Matthew Redinbo, a U.N.C. associate professor of chemistry, biochemistry and biophysics. "They pass genes between one another that keep one another intact." He adds that this transfer can occur between bacteria of either the same or different species.
But as Redinbo and colleagues report in this week's Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, if the mechanism for this genetic transfer is blocked, the selective death of the antibiotic-resistant members of a bacterial culture is somehow triggered.

"We designed the whole thing to stop [the] transfer of genes," Redinbo says. "The biggest surprise was that stopping transfer also killed the resistant bacteria." He notes that his group does not know exactly how antibiotic resistant bacteria are killed off, but that interfering with the way a cell manipulates its DNA often causes cell death.

The DNA process disrupted by the U.N.C. team is called conjugation, which occurs when two bacteria sidle up to one another and punch holes in each of their outer membranes, allowing one microbe to shoot a single strand of DNA into the other. This mechanism is achieved via an enzyme called DNA relaxase, they noted, which acts as a gatekeeper, both initiating and ending the movement of the genetic material between the bacteria.

Scott Lujan, a graduate student in Redinbo's lab, made a key discovery: The DNA relaxase molecule has two "catalytic weapons" that allow it to perform its duties of breaking apart DNA strands. (Most other enzymes only have one; DNA relaxase needs two in order to contact the strands of DNA in the donating bacterial cell.) This finding alerted the team that in order for a chemical to disrupt DNA relaxase, it would need to block both catalytic sites on the enzyme.

They settled on bisphosphonates, which have already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to battle osteoporosis, a bone-thinning disease. Two drugs, clodronate and etidronate (aka Didronel), blocked DNA relaxase and, as a result, conjugation. An unexpected result of this disruption, however, was the fact that the antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli bacteria that were trying to pass their genes along, actually died when their DNA relaxase was shielded.

Redinbo says that his group is studying mice carrying infections in their gastrointestinal tract, skin and muscle tissue to see if the new mechanism for disrupting DNA relaxase is effective in the mammalian body. But he adds that "a clinician could use these approved drugs right away if faced with a resistant bacteria."
"New method prevents the transfer of antibiotic resistance (killing the stronger bacteria in the process)"
By Nikhil Swaminathan
Scientific American
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